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Medications and Athletes: How Common Drugs Affect Performance and Health

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Medications and Athletes: How Common Drugs Affect Performance and Health
12 January 2026 Ian Glover

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When you see an athlete lift heavier, run faster, or recover quicker than ever before, it’s easy to assume it’s just hard work. But for many, especially in today’s gym culture, that edge comes from something far more dangerous: medications meant for medical use, misused to push beyond natural limits. These aren’t just illegal in competition-they’re quietly reshaping the bodies and health of everyday people who think they’re just trying to get fit.

What You’re Really Taking

Most people don’t start with designer steroids or black-market injections. It begins with a pill. Maybe it’s a supplement labeled “testosterone booster” bought online. Or a friend says, “I took this for 8 weeks and gained 20 pounds of muscle.” The promise is simple: faster gains, less soreness, more strength. But what’s in those pills? The truth is messy.

Anabolic steroids like nandrolone and stanozolol mimic testosterone, forcing muscles to grow faster than the body ever could naturally. Users report gains of 4.5 to 11 pounds of muscle in just 10 weeks. But that growth isn’t just in the muscle. It’s also in the heart. Studies show steroid users develop 27-45% more cardiac mass than non-users-even after accounting for body size. That’s not hypertrophy from training. That’s pathological thickening. The heart isn’t getting stronger. It’s becoming rigid, less efficient, and more prone to failure.

Stimulants like amphetamines and high-dose caffeine (3-6 mg per kg of body weight) sharpen focus and delay fatigue. They’re common in pre-workout powders. But they also spike blood pressure, trigger irregular heart rhythms, and can cause sudden cardiac arrest in healthy young people. In the U.S. alone, energy drink overdoses send over 2,000 people to emergency rooms every year.

Then there’s blood doping-injecting extra red blood cells or using EPO to boost oxygen delivery. It gives endurance athletes a 5-15% jump in VO2 max. But when hematocrit climbs above 50%, your blood turns thick as syrup. Stroke risk jumps sevenfold. There are documented cases of athletes under 30 suffering heart attacks from this.

And then there are the so-called “safer” alternatives: SARMs. Marketed as the future of muscle growth without the side effects, they’re anything but. The FDA tested over 100 SARMs products. Eighty-nine percent didn’t contain what was on the label. Some had liver-toxic compounds. Others had unapproved steroids. You’re not buying a supplement. You’re gambling with your organs.

The Hidden Costs

The physical changes are obvious. But the damage runs deeper.

Men often see their testicles shrink to the size of grapes-testicular volume dropping from a normal 15-25 mL to just 2-4 mL. Sperm counts crash below 1 million per mL. Normal is over 15 million. Many never recover. A 2023 Reddit survey of 500 users found 62% needed medical help just to restore basic testosterone levels after quitting.

Women face irreversible changes. Voice deepening sticks in 35% of cases. Clitoral enlargement beyond 2.5 cm is common. Facial hair grows. Menstrual cycles vanish. These aren’t side effects you can reverse with time or therapy.

Mental health takes a beating too. Eighty-three percent of recreational users report severe mood swings. Depression hits hard during “off-cycles,” when the body’s natural hormones are suppressed. One user wrote: “I gained 25 pounds of muscle in 10 weeks. Lost it all in 8 weeks. And I couldn’t get out of bed.”

Tendons and ligaments don’t grow as fast as muscles. So when you’re lifting weights you’ve never lifted before, your connective tissue snaps. There are case studies of athletes tearing tendons at just 70% of the load they could handle naturally. That’s not an accident. That’s biology being ignored.

Who’s Really Using These Drugs?

You might think it’s only elite Olympians. It’s not.

Elite athletes now make up just 15-20% of users. The rest? Recreational gym-goers. People who work 9-to-5 jobs, have kids, and want to look better in the mirror. A 2023 study from the University of Colorado found that 60-80% of steroid misuse happens outside competitive sports. That’s not doping. That’s self-medication with lethal consequences.

Even worse, many don’t even know what they’re taking. Wellness clinics, anti-aging centers, and online supplement sellers are pushing “bio-identical hormone therapy” that includes banned substances. Patients think they’re getting a health boost. They’re being dosed with performance drugs.

And doctors rarely catch it. A 2021 study found that 7 out of 10 family physicians couldn’t identify steroid use in their patients during routine checkups. Why? Because the symptoms-acne, mood swings, low libido-get dismissed as stress, aging, or laziness.

A woman’s body changes irreversibly under hormone treatment, facial hair growing as her menstrual calendar burns.

What Happens When You Quit?

Stopping doesn’t fix everything.

Your body stops making testosterone. It’s been shut down by the flood of synthetic hormones. Restarting it isn’t like flipping a switch. It takes 6-12 months of medical supervision. Some never fully recover. Thirty-eight percent of chronic users end up on lifelong testosterone replacement therapy.

Withdrawal isn’t just physical. It’s psychological. Depression, anxiety, fatigue, and suicidal thoughts are common. One user described it as “being trapped in your own body, weaker than before you started.”

And the damage to your heart? Some changes may reverse. But the fibrosis-the scarring inside the heart muscle? That’s permanent. The heart loses elasticity. It can’t pump as well. You might feel fine now. But at 45, you could be living with the cardiovascular age of a 60-year-old.

The Myth of the “Safe” Cycle

You hear it all the time: “I do 8 weeks on, 8 weeks off. That’s safe.”

It’s not.

Cycling doesn’t protect you. It just delays the damage. And most users don’t stick to clean cycles. Seventy-three percent “stack”-combine multiple steroids, stimulants, and peptides. That multiplies the risks. Liver enzymes spike. Kidney function drops. Blood pressure stays elevated. Hormonal chaos becomes the new normal.

Even if you’re “clean” during off-cycles, your body doesn’t reset. It’s still reeling. And the longer you go, the harder it gets to come back.

An athlete lies in hospital, memories of strength fading, his heart marked by permanent damage and aging prematurely.

What Should You Do Instead?

There’s no shortcut. But there are better paths.

Real strength comes from consistency, not chemistry. Training smart, eating well, sleeping enough-these are the only proven ways to build muscle and endurance without risking your life.

If you’re struggling to make progress, talk to a coach. Not a guy on Instagram. A certified professional who understands physiology, not marketing.

If you’re already using these substances, stop. Don’t wait for a heart attack or a diagnosis of infertility. See a doctor who knows about sports medicine-not your general practitioner who’s never seen a steroid user before.

And if you’re tempted? Ask yourself: Is this worth losing your health, your fertility, your mental peace, your future? Because once you cross that line, you’re not just changing your body. You’re changing your life.

Final Thoughts

Performance-enhancing drugs aren’t a hack. They’re a trap. They promise power but deliver decay. They offer speed but steal longevity.

The athletes you admire? Most of them got there without pills. The ones who didn’t? Many are gone now. Or broken. Or living with damage they never saw coming.

Your body is not a machine to be upgraded. It’s a living system. Push it too far, and it breaks-not in a dramatic way, but slowly, quietly, until one day, you can’t get out of bed without pain. Or you can’t have kids. Or your heart gives out at 32.

There’s no glory in cheating your biology. Only consequences.

Can you get addicted to performance-enhancing drugs?

Yes. While not addictive in the same way as opioids or cocaine, many users develop psychological dependence. They believe they can’t maintain their physique or performance without the drugs. Withdrawal often triggers severe depression and body dysmorphia, making it hard to quit. Some users cycle on and off for years, believing they’re in control-until their body can’t recover on its own.

Are over-the-counter supplements safe for athletes?

No. Many supplements sold as “natural” or “legal” contain hidden steroids, stimulants, or SARMs. The FDA tested over 100 products and found 89% contained undeclared banned substances. Just because something is sold as a supplement doesn’t mean it’s safe-or legal. Always check for third-party certification like NSF Certified for Sport or Informed-Sport.

Do athletes get caught using performance drugs?

Only a small fraction do. WADA tests about 250,000 samples a year, but only 0.7% test positive for anabolic steroids. That doesn’t mean 99.3% are clean. It means detection methods are still catching up. Many new compounds evade tests for years. Plus, most users are recreational-not subject to testing at all. The real risk isn’t getting caught. It’s the damage you’re doing to your body.

Can you use medications legally for athletic performance?

Only under very strict conditions. Therapeutic Use Exemptions (TUEs) allow athletes to use banned substances if they have a documented medical need-like asthma (salbutamol) or hormone deficiency. But TUEs are not granted for anti-aging, muscle gain, or “wellness.” You can’t get a TUE just because you want to lift heavier. Misusing TUEs is still doping.

What are the long-term effects of steroid use on the heart?

Long-term steroid use causes left ventricular hypertrophy-the heart muscle thickens abnormally. This reduces the heart’s ability to pump blood efficiently. Studies show users have 8-12% lower ejection fractions than non-users. Fibrosis (scarring) develops in heart tissue, which is irreversible. This increases the risk of arrhythmias, heart failure, and sudden cardiac death-even in young, otherwise healthy people. The American Heart Association confirms steroid use raises the risk of major heart events by 36%.

Ian Glover
Ian Glover

My name is Maxwell Harrington and I am an expert in pharmaceuticals. I have dedicated my life to researching and understanding medications and their impact on various diseases. I am passionate about sharing my knowledge with others, which is why I enjoy writing about medications, diseases, and supplements to help educate and inform the public. My work has been published in various medical journals and blogs, and I'm always looking for new opportunities to share my expertise. In addition to writing, I also enjoy speaking at conferences and events to help further the understanding of pharmaceuticals in the medical field.

10 Comments

  • Lance Nickie
    Lance Nickie
    January 13, 2026 AT 23:49

    Bro, just don’t touch the pills. It’s not worth it.

  • Adam Vella
    Adam Vella
    January 15, 2026 AT 18:51

    One cannot help but observe the profound anthropological implications of this phenomenon: the modern male’s ontological crisis manifesting as a biochemical quest for corporeal perfection. The gym, once a temple of discipline, has become a pharmacological altar where the sacred is replaced by the synthetic. The body, no longer a vessel of spirit, is now a machine to be optimized - a tragic inversion of Nietzschean will to power into a hollow algorithm of mass and strength.


    What is truly alarming is not the pharmacology itself, but the normalization of self-alteration as a cultural imperative. The rise of SARMs and ‘bio-identical’ hormone therapy reflects a society that has outsourced its identity to chemistry. We no longer strive to become; we simply inject to be.


    The heart doesn’t hypertrophy from effort - it hypertrophies from deception. And the mind? It follows suit. The psychological dependency isn’t on the drug - it’s on the illusion of control. The user believes they are the architect of their transformation, when in truth, they are the substrate of corporate marketing and social insecurity.


    Let us not confuse enhancement with evolution. Enhancement is a shortcut. Evolution is a covenant with time. And time, unlike a steroid cycle, does not offer refunds.


    When the heart fails at 32, it doesn’t scream. It just stops. And by then, the voice deepening, the testicular atrophy, the emotional numbness - they’ve already become the new normal. We don’t mourn the loss of health. We mourn the loss of the self we thought we were becoming.


    There is no glory in chemistry. Only the quiet, slow suicide of a soul that forgot how to be human without a pill.

  • Avneet Singh
    Avneet Singh
    January 17, 2026 AT 18:34

    Frankly, the entire discourse is regressive. You’re framing pharmacological intervention as some kind of moral failing, yet you ignore the neoliberal biopolitical machinery that commodifies bodily capital. The gym isn’t a temple - it’s a capitalist apparatus of self-surveillance. The real villain isn’t the SARMs vendor - it’s the Instagram influencer-industrial complex that equates worth with hypertrophy.


    And let’s not pretend this is uniquely American. In India, we see the same pathology - middle-class men buying ‘testosterone boosters’ from shady vendors because their corporate jobs are soul-crushing and their masculinity is under erasure. The drugs are symptoms, not causes.


    Also, your ‘89% of supplements are contaminated’ statistic is misleading. The FDA doesn’t regulate supplements. That’s the point. The problem isn’t users being dumb - it’s regulatory failure. Blame the FDA, not the guy trying to feel less emasculated.

  • Lethabo Phalafala
    Lethabo Phalafala
    January 18, 2026 AT 20:53

    I read this and cried. Not because I’m dramatic - but because I’ve seen it. My brother took steroids for 3 years. He gained 30 pounds of muscle. He also lost his voice, his sex drive, and his joy. He’d sit on the couch for hours, staring at nothing, saying ‘I just want to feel like me again.’


    He didn’t even lift anymore. He just took the pills to stay big. And when he quit? He couldn’t get out of bed for six months. His doctor said his testosterone was so low, it was like his body forgot how to make it.


    I begged him to stop. He said he was scared to look in the mirror and see the skinny guy he used to be. That’s the trap. It’s not about strength. It’s about identity. And when your identity is built on a chemical lie… you don’t know who you are without it.


    To anyone reading this: if you’re doing this to feel worthy - please, stop. You’re already enough. Your body isn’t broken. You just got told you were.


    I lost my brother to this. Not physically. But emotionally. And I don’t want anyone else to lose theirs.

  • Milla Masliy
    Milla Masliy
    January 19, 2026 AT 22:36

    As someone who grew up in two cultures - American gym culture and Indian family expectations - I see this every day. In the U.S., it’s ‘gains or die.’ In India, it’s ‘you’re too thin, when are you getting married?’ Both pressures push people toward shortcuts.


    I used to think SARMs were ‘safer.’ Then I met a guy at the gym who took them for 6 months. He started bleeding from his gums. Turned out his liver was fried. He didn’t even know.


    But here’s the thing: the solution isn’t just ‘don’t do it.’ It’s creating better alternatives. Accessible coaches. Affordable nutrition. Mental health support for body image issues. We need to fix the system, not just shame the people in it.


    I now train women who’ve been told they’re ‘too soft.’ They lift weights not to look like a man - but to feel powerful. That’s the real win. Not the weight on the bar. The confidence in the mirror.

  • Damario Brown
    Damario Brown
    January 20, 2026 AT 10:46

    lol u think people dont know this? ofc they do. they just dont care. i’ve seen dudes with 600lb squats and needles in their ass. they say ‘i’ll deal with it when i’m 40.’ guess what? 40 comes faster than you think. and then u got a heart that sounds like a broken washing machine.


    also the ‘i cycle’ bs? bro you’re not cycling. you’re just waiting for the next hit. it’s not a cycle. it’s a addiction with a spreadsheet.


    and the ‘testosterone booster’ crap? most of it’s just caffeine and zinc. but the ones that work? they got stanozolol in them. labeled ‘for research only.’ yeah right. like i’m researching how to turn my balls into raisins.


    also the doc thing? yeah 7 outta 10 docs can’t spot it. why? because the guy walks in looking like the avenger and says ‘i’m just tired.’ so the doc says ‘maybe sleep more.’ dumbasses.


    we need to stop pretending this is a health issue. it’s a cultural disease. and the cure? stop idolizing guys who look like they were built by a 3d printer.

  • Clay .Haeber
    Clay .Haeber
    January 20, 2026 AT 19:31

    Oh wow, another ‘your body is sacred’ sermon from the moralistic gym bros who think lifting 200lbs makes them prophets.


    Let me guess - you also think eating kale is a spiritual act and that ‘natural’ is some kind of holy grail? Newsflash: humans have been doping since ancient Greece. Pheidippides ran the marathon on ergot fungus. That’s right - the first marathon runner was on LSD.


    And now we’re shocked that people want to be stronger? That’s not a moral failure - it’s biology. We evolved to optimize. To push limits. To cheat death with every calorie, every rep, every pill.


    Yes, some people get hurt. So do people who skydive. So do people who eat sugar. So do people who drive. Should we ban all of it? Or maybe - just maybe - we should stop treating adults like children who need to be saved from themselves?


    The real tragedy? You’re not saving anyone. You’re just making people feel guilty for wanting to be better. And that’s the real poison.

  • Priyanka Kumari
    Priyanka Kumari
    January 21, 2026 AT 12:59

    I want to say thank you for writing this with such care. As a woman who trains in a male-dominated space, I’ve seen so many guys push themselves into the ground trying to ‘prove’ something - to their friends, to their exes, to their own reflection.


    I’ve had men tell me they’re on SARMs because ‘they can’t get bigger naturally.’ I told them: ‘You don’t need to be bigger. You need to be stronger. And that takes time.’


    One guy cried after I said that. He said he’d been taking pills for 2 years and didn’t even know he was doing it for validation, not fitness.


    Let’s stop glorifying the ‘fast gains’ and start celebrating the slow, quiet wins: showing up when you’re tired. Eating when you don’t feel like it. Resting when your body begs you. That’s real strength.


    If you’re reading this and you’re using something you shouldn’t - you’re not weak. You’re just lost. And you’re not alone. There are people who can help. Reach out.

  • Angel Tiestos lopez
    Angel Tiestos lopez
    January 23, 2026 AT 06:35

    bro i used to do all this… 8 weeks on, 8 off… stackin’ everything… thought i was a beast 😎💪
    then one day i couldn’t even pick up my niece… and i cried in the bathroom
    now i just lift light, eat real food, sleep 8 hrs… and i feel like me again 🥲
    the pills didn’t make me strong… they made me scared
    you don’t need to be a monster to be proud of yourself

  • Trevor Whipple
    Trevor Whipple
    January 23, 2026 AT 07:28

    you guys are overthinking this. if you're dumb enough to buy 'testosterone booster' off amazon, you deserve what you get. no one held a gun to your head. stop crying when your balls shrink. you chose this. now deal with it. and if you're too weak to quit? then you're not ready to be a man anyway. just go back to your protein shakes and your instagram fantasy life.

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