Leuprolide injections: what they treat and how they work

Leuprolide is a medication you'll hear about when treating hormone-driven conditions. Doctors use it for prostate cancer, endometriosis, uterine fibroids, and some cases of early puberty. It works by shutting down certain sex hormones for a while, which can slow disease or ease symptoms.

This page explains how leuprolide injections are given, what side effects to expect, and practical tips to make treatment easier. If you're starting leuprolide, read this so you know what to ask your doctor or nurse.

How leuprolide is given

Leuprolide comes as a shot that can be given every month, every three months, or even every six months depending on the product. Some forms are daily nasal sprays, but injections are most common. The shot is usually given into the muscle (IM) or under the skin (subcutaneous). Your clinic will tell you where and how often.

If you’re injecting at home, a nurse will show you how to prepare the syringe, pick the injection site (thigh, abdomen, or buttock), and dispose of needles safely. Follow storage rules — some formulations need refrigeration, others don’t. Never use a syringe more than once.

Side effects, monitoring and fertility

Many side effects are tied to the hormone drop. Expect hot flashes, night sweats, mood swings, lower libido, and sometimes weight changes. Bone density can fall with long-term use, so doctors may order bone scans and suggest calcium, vitamin D, or other meds to protect your bones.

Other possible effects: injection-site pain, headaches, and changes in blood pressure or blood sugar. Serious but rare problems include allergic reactions or severe mood changes. If you notice breathlessness, rash, fainting, or thoughts of harming yourself, get medical help right away.

Fertility is a big topic. Leuprolide suppresses ovulation and sperm production while you're on it. Fertility usually returns after stopping the drug, but timing can vary. If you want to have children later, discuss egg or sperm preservation before starting treatment.

Doctors monitor treatment with periodic blood tests (hormone levels), symptom checks, and imaging when needed. Keep a side-effect diary — it helps your clinician adjust dose or switch therapies.

Cost and access vary. Some forms are covered by insurance; others can be pricey. Ask your clinic about patient assistance programs or generic options.

Final practical tips: bring a list of all medicines to appointments (some drugs interact), avoid sudden stopping without medical advice, and ask for written injection instructions if you’ll self-administer. Talk honestly with your care team about side effects — small changes can make a big difference.

Need specific advice for your situation? Contact your doctor or pharmacist. This guide is a starting point, not a substitute for medical care.